Data-driven constitutive modeling has the potential to redefine material mechanics, yet its progress is fundamentally bottlenecked by the difficulty of experimentally capturing rich, multiaxial stress–strain datasets. Conventional methods like Digital Image Correlation (DIC) provide full-field total strain distributions but lack...
Urban environments are characterized by complex flow phenomena due to interactions between buildings, streets, and other urban structures. Understanding turbulent flow within canopies is essential, as it plays a pivotal role in the transport of heat, moisture, and gases between...